Ancient Coin PTOLEMY III Zeus and Eagle Tyre Phoenicia Mint Beautiful Bronze!

Description

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Ancient Coin
PTOLEMAIC KINGDOM
Bronze AE20
Of
PTOLEMY III
Ptolemaios Eurgetes
Reigned 246-222BC
Obv:
Diademed head of Zeus right
Rev: PTOLEMAIOY BAZILEWZ
Eagle standing on thunderbolt left
club in field
Tyre, Phoenicia Mint
19.00 mm
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The attribution label is printed on archival museum quality paper
An interesting bronze coin of Ptolemy III minted in Tyre, Phoenicia. Zeus on obverse and eagle
on reverse. This coin comes with  display case, stand and attribution label attached as pictured. A great way to display an ancient coins collection.  You are welcome to ask any questions prior buying or bidding. We can ship it anywhere within continental U.S. for a flat rate of 6.90$. It includes shipping, delivery confirmation  and packaging material.
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PTOLEMY III
Ptolemy III Euergetes ( Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs, reigned 246–222 BC) was the third king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.
Family
Euergetes ("Benefactor") was the eldest son of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his first wife, Arsinoe I, and came to power in 246 BC upon the death of his father. He married Berenice of Cyrene in the year corresponding to 244/243 BC; and their children were:
Arsinoe III, born in ca 246/245 BC. She later married her brother Ptolemy IV
Ptolemy IV Philopator, born ca 244 BC
Possibly Lysimachus. The name of the son is not known, but he is said to have been born in ca 243 BC.
Alexander, born in c. 242 BC
Magas, was born in ca 241 BC. Scalded to death in his bath by Theogos or Theodotus, at the orders of Ptolemy IV.
Berenice, probably born in ca 239 BC and died a year later.
Reign
Ptolemy III Euergetes was responsible for the first known example of a series of decrees published as bilingual inscriptions on massive stone blocks in three writing systems. His stone stela is the Canopus Stone of 238 BC. Other well-known examples are the Memphis Stele (Memphis Stone), bearing the Decree of Memphis, about 218 BC, passed by his son, Ptolemy IV, as well as the famous Rosetta Stone erected by Ptolemy Epiphanes, his grandson, in 196 BC.
Ptolemy III's stone contains decrees about priestly orders, and is a memorial for his daughter Berenice. But two of its 26 lines of hieroglyphs decree the use of a leap day added to the Egyptian calendar of 365 days, and the associated changes in festivals.
He is also credited with the foundation of the Serapeum, as well as the temple of Horus at Edfu, which he commissioned in about 237 BC, although the main temple would not be finished until the reign of his son, Ptolemy IV, in 231 BC, and it would not be officially opened until 142 BC, during the reign of Ptolemy VIII. Also, the reliefs on the great pylon were only completed in the reign of Ptolemy XII. He, like many Pharaohs before him, also added to the Temple of Karnak.
Due to a falling out at the Seleucid court, Ptolemy's eldest sister Berenice Phernophorus was murdered along with her infant son. In response Ptolemy III invaded Syria. During this war, the Third Syrian War, he occupied Antioch and even reached Babylon. In exchange for a peace in 241 BC, Ptolemy was awarded new territories on the northern coast of Syria, including Seleucia Pieria, the port of Antioch. From this capture he received fifteen hundred talents of silver, roughly a tenth of his annual income. During his involvement in the Third Syrian War, he managed to regain many Egyptian works of art that had been stolen when the Persians conquered Egypt. While he was away fighting, he left his wife, Berenice II, in charge of the country, but swiftly returned when trouble erupted there. The Ptolemaic kingdom reached the height of its power during this reign.
He maintained his father's foreign policy of subduing Macedonia by supporting its enemies. Ptolemy backed the Achaean League, a collaboration of Greek city-states, and enemies of Macedonia, but switched his support to Sparta when it came into conflict with the Achaean League and proved itself more apt to fighting the Macedonians.
He continued his predecessors' work on Alexandria, especially in the Great Library. He had every book unloaded in the Alexandria docks seized, had copies made of each one, and gave the copies to the previous owners while the original copies were kept in the Library. It is said that he borrowed works of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides from Athens, but deciding to forfeit the considerable deposit he paid for them, he didn't give them back, and instead kept them for the Alexandrian Library.
He was even more liberal towards Egyptian religion than his predecessors. He supported, promoted, and contributed towards various cults, particularly those of the Apis and Mnevis Bulls, as is stated in the Canopus Decree of 238 BC, in which the Egyptian priesthood praise him and his wife as "Benefactor Gods" for this religious support, as well as for maintaining peace by strong national security, and for good governance, including when he imported, at his own expense, a vast amount of grain to compensate for a weak inundation.
Legacy
Ptolemy III's reign was also marked by trade with other contemporaneous polities. In the 1930s, excavations by Mattingly at a fortress close to Port Dunford (the likely Nikon of antiquity) in present-day southern Somalia yielded a number of Ptolemaic coins. Among these pieces were 17 copper mints from the Ptolemy III to Ptolemy V dynasties, as well as late Imperial Rome and Mamluk Sultanate coins.
PTOLEMAIC EGYPT
Hellenistic soldiers in tunic, 100 BC, detail of the Nile mosaic of Palestrina.
Greeks Conquer Egypt
The Ptolemies came to rule Egypt after the arrival of Alexander the Great (356–323 BCE) in 332 BCE. At the time, the end of the Third Intermediate Period, Egypt had been ruled as a Persian satrapy for a decade—indeed that was the case in Egypt off and on since the 6th century BCE. Alexander had just conquered Persia, and when he arrived in Egypt, he had himself crowned as the ruler in the Temple of Ptah at Memphis. Shortly afterward, Alexander left to conquer new worlds, leaving Egypt in the control of various Egyptian and Greco-Macedonian officers.
When Alexander unexpectedly died in 323 BCE, his only heir was his mentally unpredictable half-brother, who was set to rule jointly with Alexander's as-yet-unborn son Alexander IV. Although a regent had been established to support the new leadership of Alexander's empire, his generals did not accept that, and a War of Succession broke out among them. Some generals wanted all of Alexander's territory to stay unified, but that proved untenable.
Three Kingdoms
Three great kingdoms arose from the ashes of Alexander's empire: Macedonia on the Greek mainland, the Seleucid empire in Syria and Mesopotamia, and the Ptolemies, including Egypt and Cyrenaica. Ptolemy, the son of Alexander's general Lagos, was first established as the governor of the satrapy of Egypt, but officially became the first Ptolemaic pharaoh of Egypt in 305 BCE. Ptolemy's portion of Alexander's rule included Egypt, Libya, and the Sinai Peninsula, and he and his descendants would make up a dynasty of 13 rulers for close to 300 years.
Alexander's three great kingdoms jockeyed for power during the third and second centuries BCE. The Ptolemies attempted to expand their holdings in two areas: the Greek cultural centers in the eastern Mediterranean and Syria-Palestine. Several expensive battles were waged in attempts to attain these areas, and with new technological weapons: elephants, ships, and a trained fighting force.
War elephants were essentially the tanks of the era, a strategy learned from India and used by all sides. Naval battles were waged on ships built with a catamaran structure which increased the deck space for marines, and for the first time artillery was mounted aboard those ships as well. By the 4th century BCE, Alexandria had a trained force of 57,600 infantry and 23,200 cavalrymen.
Alexander's Capital City
Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great in 321 BCE and it became the Ptolemaic capital and a major showcase for Ptolemaic wealth and splendor. It had three main harbors, and the city's streets were planned on a chessboard pattern with the main street 30 m (100 ft) wide running east-west across the city. That street was said to have been aligned to point to the rising sun on Alexander's birthday, July 20, rather than that of the summer solstice, June 21.
The four major sections of the city were the Necropolis, known for its spectacular gardens, the Egyptian quarter called Rhakotis, the Royal Quarter, and the Jewish Quarter. The Sema was the burial place of the Ptolemaic kings, and for a while at least it contained the body of Alexander the Great, stolen from the Macedonians. His body was said to have been stored in a gold sarcophagus at first, and then later replaced by a glass one.
The city of Alexandria also boasted of the Pharos lighthouse, and the Mouseion, a library and research institute for scholarship and scientific inquiry. The library of Alexandria held no fewer than 700,000 volumes, and the teaching/research staff included scientists such as Eratosthenes of Cyrene (285–194 BCE), medical specialists such as Herophilus of Chalcedon (330–260 BCE), literary specialists like Aristarchus of Samothrace (217–145 BCE), and creative writers like Apollonius of Rhodes and Callimachus of Cyrene (both third century).
Life Under the Ptolemies
The Ptolemaic pharaohs held lavish panhellenic events, including a festival held every four years called the Ptolemaieia which was intended to be equal in status to the Olympic games. Royal marriages established among the Ptolemies included both full brother-sister marriages, beginning with Ptolemy II who married his full sister Arsinoe II, and polygamy. Scholars believe these practices were intended to solidify the pharaohs' succession.
Major state temples were numerous throughout Egypt, with some old temples rebuilt or embellished, including the temple of Horus the Behdetite at Edfu, and the temple of Hathor at Dendera. The famous Rosetta Stone, which proved to be the key to unlocking the ancient Egyptian language, was carved in 196 BCE, during the reign of Ptolemy V.
The Fall of the Ptolemies
Outside of the wealth and opulence of Alexandria, there was famine, rampant inflation, and an oppressive administrative system under the control of corrupt local officials. Discord and disharmony arose by the late third and early second centuries BCE. Civil unrest against the Ptolemies expressing the disaffection among the Egyptian population was seen in the form of strikes, the despoliation of temples, armed bandit attacks on villages, and flight—some cities were completely abandoned.
At the same time, Rome was growing in power throughout the region and in Alexandria. A long drawn out battle between the brothers Ptolemy VI and VIII was arbitrated by Rome. A dispute between the Alexandrians and Ptolemy XII was resolved by Rome. Ptolemy XI left his kingdom to Rome in his will.
The last Ptolemaic pharaoh was the famous Cleopatra VII Philopator (ruled 51–30 B.C.E.) who ended the dynasty by allying herself with the Roman Marc Anthony, committing suicide, and turning over the keys of the Egyptian civilization to Caesar Augustus. The Roman dominion over Egypt lasted until 395 CE.
Dynastic Rulers
Ptolemy I (aka Ptolemy Soter), ruled 305–282 BCE
Ptolemy II ruled 284–246 BCE
Ptolemy III Euergetes ruled 246–221 BCE
Ptolemy IV Philopator ruled 221–204 BCE
Ptolemy V Epiphanes, ruled 204–180 BCE
Ptolemy VI Philometor ruled 180–145 BCE
Ptolemy VIII ruled 170–163 BCE
Euregetes II ruled 145–116 BCE
Ptolemy IX 116–107 BCE
Ptolemy X Alexander ruled 107–88 BCE
Soter II ruled 88–80 BCE
Berenike IV ruled 58–55 BCE
Ptolemy XII ruled 80–51 BCE
Ptolemy XIII Philopator ruled 51–47 BCE
Ptolemy XIV Philopator Philadelphos ruled 47–44 BCE
Cleopatra VII Philopator ruled 51–30 BCE
Ptolemy XV Caesar ruled 44–30 BCE
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